Plutarch's Politics: Should Older Men Take Part in Affairs of State?
Reflecting on Plutarch's Essay "Whether an Old Man Should Engage in Public Affairs" in light of the recent Presidential Debate.
In his essay "Should Old Men Take Part in Affairs of State?", the ancient philosopher Plutarch (my favorite philosopher) delves into the question—very relevant especially today—of whether elderly men should continue to be active in political and public life. This essay, part of his "Moralia," presents timeless wisdom that resonates even with modern discourse on the role of senior citizens in governance. Plutarch straddles both sides of the issue, thus giving a balance to what older men should and should not do in public service.
The Case for Involvement
Wisdom and Experience
Plutarch strongly emphasizes the invaluable wisdom and experience that come with age. Older men have seen and participated in various historical events, providing them with a deep understanding of statecraft. Their seasoned judgment can guide nations through complex challenges, ensuring that decisions are made with long-term perspectives in mind.
Temperance and Prudence
With age, Plutarch argues, people seem to possess greater temperance and prudence. Where once impulsive passions may have ruled, now there is a more cautious and reflective way of approaching life. It is in political affairs that this maturity is most useful, for impulsive behavior can often have devastating consequences. Older statesmen are more likely to be circumspect and think of the wider picture that their actions will engender.
Mentorship
The government, therefore, offers inspiration and role models for the younger politicians in the presence of elder statesmen. Mentorship builds a successive generation of leaders, testifying to values that place wisdom, integrity, and the service of the commonweal in high esteem. History is full with examples of how, in times gone by, older leaders played influential roles in shaping societies, such as Pericles in Athens or Cato in Rome.
Avoiding Idleness
Continuing to be involved in public life keeps old men's minds and bodies active, which otherwise would constantly be experiencing decline if not putting their efforts and energy anywhere. Work that is meaningful makes people feel that they have a purpose to live and helps them attain a state of well-being and healthy aging.
Contribution to Society
Plutarch argues that the skills and knowledge of older men should not be wasted. Their continued participation in public affairs ensures that their expertise benefits society, rather than being left untapped.
The Case Against Involvement
Physical Decline
One of the strongest arguments raised against old men engaging in public life is the inevitable loss in bodily abilities. The nature of political office can become highly demanding, needing stamina and vitality which generally wane with age. Health problems may hinder the discharge of functions amply, thus causing inefficiency.
Aversion to Change
With age, it is likely that people will resist new ideas and innovations; this creates barriers to progress. The current world is very dynamic and requires flexibility in embracing new technologies and ways of doing things. This might bring about friction in governance and slow reforms.
Rigidity
The older one becomes, the more set in one's ways he/she gets. Inflexibility of thought and action occurs where a new set of perspectives and solutions cannot be arrived at because of the age factor. This can make policy formulation dreary. Younger leaders may, conversely, be associated with a greater dynamism and openness to new approaches.
Generation Gap
The generational gap between older leaders and the younger population can result in a disconnection. Older leaders may struggle to understand and address the needs and aspirations of the younger generation, leading to policies that are out of touch with the current societal context.
Opportunity Cost
Older men holding power may, unconsciously, hold back a new generation of probably more innovative citizens who would have risen to positions of power. This deprives the political field of an injection of new blood and fresh ideas, hindering the development pace of a state.
Health Issues
Health problems, inexorably linked to old age, could burden rigorous demands of public office. Too many illnesses or declining health can result in absenteeism and lack of leadership consistency—both factors injurious to effective government operation.
Balance the Scales
Ultimately, though, Plutarch's essay favors the continuous participation of elderly men in public life with a few caveats. He suggests that older statesmen engage in advisory jobs and other less tiring responsibilities to allow them to continue applying their experience without much strain to their bodies. They will be able to continue serving their state while guiding and counseling the young.
Reflections
Plutarch’s reflections on the role of older men in public life offer important lessons for today’s society. Currently in the United States, the presidential election is between the two oldest candidates in US history. The Justices in the Supreme Court are appointed for life, and many members of congress seem to stick around for far too long. Plutarch’s wisdom are words for consideration. While acknowledging the limitations that come with age, he highlights the continuing value of wisdom, experience, and prudence. The key lies in finding a balance that leverages the strengths of older leaders while providing opportunities for younger ones to rise. In this way, we can ensure that governance benefits from the best of both worlds, combining the seasoned insights of age with the innovative spirit of youth.